";s:4:"text";s:19362:"The tree's wood can be used for woodworking and tamarind seed oil can be extracted from the seeds. Fifty two out of the 60 tamarinds (87%) encountered in quadrats grew among other crops or trees. The study was part of her PhD work. Our campus uses open hardware as well as open learning tools and other OERs. Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. Advertisement. Who will go after him? No one had the courage to follow him. The fruit . Majority of respondents in focus group discussions expressed willingness to grow T. indica if assured of financial benefit. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Introduction: the growing importance of traditional forest-related knowledge. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Having an intricate IK has not translated into high rates of planting T. indica or other conservation practices. Bourou S, Bowe C, Diouf M, Van Damme P. Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal. What am I doing here? Its story is one of a dare. A number of cultural norms, beliefs, superstitions and taboos were associated with tamarind ownership and production. Claim this business (877) 932-4259. But he wouldnt admit it. Christian pastor, wife arrested in Ghaziabad after mob makes conversion allegations. It took forever to get himself situated and begin. But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. Omissions? Nikon Forestry 550/Pro) - sine method . They were sorry they had let him go. Forgive me, he said. Whats happening? 3.4 grams protein. According to Gadgil et al. The observation that most of the T. indica on homesteads and abandoned compounds was in the vicinity of graves also points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. She is a PhD student at Makerere University. Sugar or honey was often added to enhance taste. Corrections? This might seem inviting to someone working hard outside in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break. We should have never let him go. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. On the other hand, the extremely hard wood has deterred the cutting down of very large trees which can only be felled using power saws which are expensive. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. Lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. The tamarind tree produces a natural air conditioning. If it is not even colored or looks moldy throw it out and pick another. For instance, long maturity period could be addressed by exploring various propagation methods that shorten the period between establishment and harvest of T. indica. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Gunasena HPM, Hughes A. Tamarind. Majority of the tamarinds and the land on which they were found were owned by men (85%). Furnished with soundproof windows, the rooms are en suite and offer . Theyre out there. Sensitizing women about the nutritional benefits of various T. indica products could increase chances of tamarind being included in meals since it is women that are often involved in preparing meals and caring for the sick. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu. PubMed El-Siddig K, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DKNG, Raman KVR, Vijayanand P, Williams JT. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. Whats he doing now? Google Scholar. The research team provided information about the study then sought consent from participants or parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years. The most commonly used tamarind part was the fruit (100%). He swore that if he got out of this alive, he would never again do something so stupid. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. There are no ghosts! And he began to pound madly with his hammer. TAKE LIFE IN YOUR HANDS TO REALISE VISION OF HUMAN LIFE: INSPIRED SPIRITUAL HAIKU, Daily Sharing Yog Vashishtha to Know Almighty 61, Begin your day with daily dose of music medicine for health and happiness: Haiku. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers fluent in the three major dialects of the study area viz Dhopadhola, Ateso and Lunyole. The brown, bean-shaped fruits mature from April through July. Approximately half of respondents had T. indica on their compounds or homegardens (53%). During food fairs, particularly Carnival food fairs, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind stew. Or do I turn around and run back to my friends? Knowledge, attitudes and practices in tamarind (, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf, http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda_National_Human_Development_Report_2007.pdf, https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf, https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20113396756.html, http://www.fluorideresearch.org/432/files/FJ2010_v43_n2_p134-140.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Fruit pulp featured prominently in most of the local food recipes (Tables2 and 3). In: Parrotta JA, Trosper RL, editors. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 1036 South Jackson Street, Seattle, Washington 98104. (Chapter 1). Tamarind tree: It is believed that if a tamarind tree is planted in the house garden, it prevents the growth of the family members and causes illness Date palm tree: These tropical trees, though easy to grow, can cause financial hardships for the family Participants in focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were required to respond to several questions which covered the following themes: location of T. indica, uses, propagation, planting of T. indica, where T. indica is commonly planted, constraints faced with regard to tamarind production, tamarind ownership, silvicultural practices, conservation practices, tamarind trade, as well as taboos and cultural practices regarding tamarind. These findings concur with Banana et al. Warm breaths. Get down fast! It was a mad rush to the village; they went crying all the way. Tamarind fruit beverage had the highest percent citation (100%) indicating it was consumed by all respondents. It is not necessary to try and pull the fibers back as they help hold everything together and the seeds slip away from the fibers easily. Tamarind is an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce and is used in many dishes in Asia, South and Central America . They followed an invisible funeral march. Tamarind propagation and silvicultural practices. Gently remove the plant from the pot and cut dead or damaged roots. When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. Firm the soil and water the plant thoroughly. Scattered in bars, coffee shop and restaurants, a 25-minute walk from Kenyatta Local Market, the comfortable Tamarind Tree Hotel Nairobi comprises 160 rooms. Is this the branch that will take me to the top? He had already climbed quite high. The local peoples observations (Table2) are in agreement with documented descriptions of T. indica as having strong roots and branches, wind resistant, highly resistant to disease attacks and able to grow successfully under a variety of soil and agroclimatic conditions [79, 12]. His tree was still far off. Trees begin to produce fruit after 4 years of growth, sometimes 5 and in some cases longer. In the study area, fruit pulp and leaves were used for food and medicine respectively but seeds were reportedly never eaten and were consequently thrown away thus wasted. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. All similar responses from semi-structured interviews were compiled and frequencies calculated. Int J Poultry Sci. He couldnt tell one thing from another. All rights reserved. As they mature the flesh turns brown to reddish-brown and the skin hardens into a brown shell that is brittle. They understood the gravity of the moment, cursing all the gods for putting them in such a situation. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. In Parotta JA, Oteng-Yeboa A, Cobbinah J (editors). May he not come haunting his near ones or the village. Fifty three percent of those who were growing T. indica did not carry out any silvicultural practices. One cup of raw tamarind pulp contains approximately: ( 15) 287 calories. World Forest Series vol 12. He prayed to his god and with a timid, trembling hand, touched the trunk. The plant is especially popular in the Indian subcontinent and in Central America and Mexico and is a common ingredient in the cuisine of those regions. De Caluw E, Halamov K, Van Damme P. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in African natural plant products: new discoveries and challenges in chemistry and quality. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. A huge one. Youth in rural areas were more interested in earning an income from tamarind products. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. His whole body started to tremble from the shock. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. For Sale: Single Family home, $5,395,000, 6 Bd, 6 Ba, 6,667 Sqft, $809/Sqft, at 400 Tamarind Dr, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009 Behind you!, The whole trees moving! A shudder ran through them all. It produces pods of fruit that taste sweet and sour when ripe and even more sour when unripe or dried. It is used extensively in Indian cooking to enrich the taste of savoury dishes (especially with meat). Springer Nature. Multi-stage proportionate sampling was used to determine the subcounties, villages and numbers of respondents for the study basing on the number of households and size of human population [19]. He approached the tree. He stopped pounding to wipe his eyes. Fruits for the Future 1 Revised. Expanded edition 20052006. Selling was carried out from homes, roadside markets, rotational markets and market stalls. But at night, you can hear them trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them. Why this stupid bet? The leaves and fruit are used for various medical applications. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Accessed 8 June 2011. Directions Advertisement. Br Dent J. He was barely able to grab another to carry his weight and his fear. Thus, in the past, the Tamils of the Jaffna peninsula always tried to locate their houses underneath such a tree. Tamarindus indica possesses great potential to address various nutritional, health, socioeconomic and environmental constraints [7, 11, 12]. But when he tried to start again, he couldnt find his nail. On that day, the nail will fall from the tree, freeing his soul from its ties to the world. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. The tree suddenly looked like a ghost. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. A few more steps. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W. Indigenous technical knowledge and forest management: a case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda. The tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern India's richest legends. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. Respondents in Butaleja district did not report selling any tamarind product. India and Thailand produce the most tamarind, and it holds a prominent place in their cooking. TORORO District State of Environment Report. Both mature and green tamarinds are eaten. High frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the high use value of T. indica. Constraints towards planting T. indica included limited land, long maturation period and low monetary value. In the study areas T. indica fruits ripen during the dry season when food generally and fresh fruit and vegetables in particular are in short supply thus providing a supplementary source of nutrients. Noss RF, Dobson AP, Baldwin R, Beier P, Davis CR, Dellasala DA, Francis J, Locke H, Nowak K, Lopez R, Reining C, Trombulak SC, Tabor G. Editorial. Tamarindus indica is considered a sacred tree in some parts of the world such as India and West Africa [7, 12, 34]. [31], the leaves are a fair source of vitamin C and -carotene and mineral content is high, particularly P, K, Ca and Mg. 2023 Times Internet Limited. Land and tree tenure arrangements that discourage women from planting T. indica need to be addressed. It is a slow growing tree, long living and hardy. This page contains specific information about Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) '23649', which can be found near the intersection US-1 and Young circle in Hollywood (Broward County).. Google Scholar. Google Scholar. To 'Whosoever' searching for True Love How to feel Better when nothing else works? Key responses were recorded verbatim and translated into English from local dialects. Where am I?. According to Vastu, plants with red flowers and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house. A large tamarind tree provides ample shade beneath its branches. Whatever you do, dont turn around!, Look! Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Empowering women to own land could be adopted as a long term strategy to promote planting of T. indica and other tree species for general environmental conservation. Fichtl, R. The Tamarind. Fruit pulp was the most commonly used tamarind product. Google Scholar. Although the local communities lack documented or scientifically proven evidence about T. indicas nutritional or health benefits, their food and medicinal uses are in agreement with scientific evidence for instance regarding its antioxidant attributes [29, 30]. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. A shared regret floated over them. Will M. Promoting value chains of neglected and underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation. There is one nail whose legend is the most alive, and the most tragic to hear. Start planning today! tamarind, (Tamarindus indica), evergreen tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to tropical Africa. It's even an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce. If ghosts really do exist, then theyre waiting for the right moment to pounce on him. Tamarind trees have stout trunks and spreading canopies . Hes really climbing. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. Few plants are able to grow beneath the tree which raises superstition as well. Get down as fast as possible. A cross-sectional survey was carried out between October 2010 and February 2011 in Tororo and Butaleja districts, purposively selected on the basis of being among Ugandan districts within the T. indica natural range [13] and with a high poverty index [17, 18]. Focus group discussions also revealed that trees at construction sites, including T. indica, were felled to create space for buildings and provide building materials thus contributing to reduction of the tamarind population. Alternatively the concentrate was diluted to make a cool refreshing beverage popular with all age groups. Tamarind is a tropical fruit that's widely used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines. International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2000. 2009;15(1):6575. Hell never agree to turn around. 2007;45:2930. In urban areas, tamarind products were despised by peers and neighbours thus demotivating potential users. Scrape the pulp off the seed with your teeth and spit the seed out. An eternity passed before he came to the foot of the tree. J Food Eng. What Bhagwat Gita says? Hes far away. They went before him. Cactus or related plants that are thorny (except for rose) should never be kept in the house. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. Rediscovering agriculture for human development. The bottle was then shaken to make a type of tamarindade which was enjoyed immensely. Approximately half of the respondents (53%) did not add fertilizer or carry out any other silvicultural practices on tamarinds. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. Overflowing plates of fresh herbs and plenty of dipping sauces. In this way the memory of their dead relatives is honoured and preserved as the graves are never far away from the living. The whole tree was shaking under him. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 13, 5 (2017). Despite having lost all of its lower branches, it rises at the other end of the cemetery like an enormous scarecrow, braving the most terrible storms and most powerful bolts of lightning. He heard shouting. Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. 2008;204(6):2915. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. The tamarind tree is native to Asia and Africa, but it also grows in tropical climates around the world. But very few of us know about the plants that should NOT be kept in a house, because vedic sciences and even Feng Shui consider them to bring negative energy. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 1993;18:7789. Proximate and mineral composition of Tamarindus indica Linn 1753 seeds. To make your house Vaastu-friendly, here are some tips about which plants you should avoid keeping at home. 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census Annex 3. 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